In general terms SLA makes a distinction between acquisition process (similar to the way we learn L1, a subconscious acquisition) and learning process (conscious process). Both processes interact together in a meaningful context, which means in a natural communication.
Why don’t we reach the same level as a native speaker? Affective filters are “negative feelings towards the target language or learning situation (…) then the input which should feed the acquisition process is blocked.”(pg. 240)
There are two models based on SLA
1. The Natural Approach: explains that the most relevant elements in language acquisition are to provide comprehensible input. The activities are focused on affective-humanistic factors to decrease the affective filter. The main idea is to centre the activities on meaning rather than form.
2. The Total Physical Response: this method is underlined by two characteristics. The first one is related to the importance of getting big amount of input before starting to speak. Secondly, when kids receive input (imperative sentences, orders) they do physical manipulation and respond to the requirement. Therefore teachers have to emphasize in comprehension rather than production.
As we discussed in class, there is not only one model which can be applied in all context. We can take elements from different models and plan a lesson according to what we believe is most significant for the students. It is very similar when we have to criticize a model; obviously it has many good aspects, although new models have appeared and have reconceptualised the main ideas. I think that Audiolingualism is right to propose habits and routines. It is a good way to organize yourself and not focus on what will come next, it helps to eliminate affective filter.
ResponderEliminarOn the other hand, Cognitive-Code Learning has based its model on the learner, which makes the process centred in him/her, looking for their needs.
In my opinion we normally learn a foreign language in a very conscious way. Perhaps learning to speak a different language in the countries where the language is spoken would be as natural as to learn our native language. The quality of the language we can learn or the positive input we receive will depend on the environment we are supposed to live and work.To learn English in Chile is not simple because many students feel that they can not speak the language in the same way a native speaker does.
ResponderEliminarThe way we teach here is very much through habits and routines. This does work for some, in fact I think that's the way I learnt myself English. Though, maybe routines or habits are getting in the way of meaningful learning since they do not apply to real life situations.
ResponderEliminarIn my opinion we should always try to provide our students with lots of comprehensible input, as the natural approach proposes. I also agree with this approach because it says that activities should be focused on the learner's affective factors. We should always try to take these factors into account and to decrease the affective filter in our students if we want them to learn.
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